1. INTRODUCTION
West Virginia, covered with endless forests known as the "Mountain State" offers a breathtaking view of natural resources in relation to attractions, and year-round outdoor activities.
Once rich in coal and wood, was from the mines and railways of registration which they extract form, but decades later these products, their roles, led to the green-carpeted mountains secondary derivatives, namely, to walking, cycling, fishing mining began rafting, climbing,and hunting for sportsmen and tourists alike. His New River Gorge, which offers many similar activities is just as beautiful with its rugged coastline and the azure-blue areas, while the principle city of Charleston, in the years 1970 and 1980, revived, now with museums, art, shopping centers , restaurants and entertainment venues around the world-class.
2. CHARLESTON
Located in the Kanawha River, sports, and a system of easily negotiable road network is divided into the Capitol Complexand the city center to the East End Historic District, which connects the two.
From the first, which is the heart of the national government dominates the ubiquitously visible gold-domed Capitol itself. Made of buff Indiana limestone and 4,640 tonnes of steel, transport require the temporary closure of a railroad spur, the building in three phases over a period of eight years from 1924 to 1925 fell to the west wing, the 1926 until 1927 for the east wing and 1930to 1932 for the round connection. E 'was officially launched by Governor William G. Conley Dedicated to 20th June 1932, at the 69th birthday of West Virginia as a state.
Its golden dome, which extends to five feet high at the Capitol in Washington, is used in 23 ½ carat gold leaf between 1988 and 1991 as small squares of gold to cover otherwise copper and lead.
Two-thirds of the interior, the 535 000 square feet including 333 rooms divided, isconsisting of Italian travertine, marble imperial Derby and Tennessee, and the chandelier in the rotunda, his heart is made of 10,180 pieces of Czechoslovakian crystal illuminated with 96 bulbs. Weighing 4000 pounds, depends on a brass chain and 54 feet of bronze.
Compared to the Capitol, but always within the complex, the West Virginia Cultural Center. Opened in 1976 and is managed by the West Virginia Division of Culture and History, was created to present theState of the artistic, cultural and historical heritage, and the houses of the West Virginia State Museum, Archives and Library of the story, a gift shop and a place for cultural events, performances and related programs.
The first is a collection of items that the State is the ', country people and culture, divided into 24 scenes in five major periods: Prehistory (3,000,000 BC to 1650 AD), Frontier (1754 - 1860), the Civil War and 35th State (1861-1899)Industrialization (1900-1945) and Change and Tradition (1954 to the 21st century). The 24 ideas even traces of national development, including periods of "Coal River," "River Plains", "Wilderness," "The Fort", "Harper's Ferry," "Building the Rails," "Coal Mine", " Main Street, West Virginia and New River Gorge. "
Thirteen monuments and statues in honor of West Virginia for their contribution to the state and nation with grace Capitol ComplexPark.
Culture can also at the Center for the Arts clay and Sciences, a modern, 240,000 square feet, three-level complex with 12 opened in July 2003 and is one of the most ambitious economic projects, cultural and education in West Virginia to live history. With science, visual arts, performing arts under one roof, the center houses the two outpost Discovery Museum, an interactive experience with youth as stableHealth Royale, KidSpace City, the Earth and Gizmo Factory. A 9,000-square-foot Gallery, located on the second floor, offers both permanent and temporary exhibitions, the latter emphasizing the 19th and 20th Century, with names such as Andy Warhol, Stuart Davis, Alexander Calder, Frank Stella, Vida Frey and Albert Paley. ElectricSky theater, a planetarium dome 61 meters offers daily astronomy and slide shows in widescreen. Live performances are held in two venues: the 1,883 seatsMaier Foundation Performance Hall, home of the West Virginia Symphony Orchestra, but otherwise offers a variety of performance art, from comedy to folk singers, bands, repertoire, and Broadway shows, and 200 seats Walker Theater, the play functions and dances with seating for cabaret-style program songwriter Woody Hawley. Douglas V. Reynolds Intermezzo Café and three classrooms are located on the lower level.
Shopping can be done in two major phases. L 'Charleston Town Center Mall, next to the City Center Marriott and Embassy Suites Hotel, near the Civic Center, is a million square meters, the three-story complex with over 130 shops, three anchor department stores, six restaurants with full service and a food court with ten other fast food places, and is accessed through three convenient parking garage. Sporting a three-story atrium and fountain, the refined, complex Kanawha Valley was the largest urban mall eastMississippi when it opened in 1983.
The market for Capitol, the Capitol Streets and sixth in the restored and rebuilt, 1800, Kanawha and Michigan Railroad Depot, in both internal and external markets separated, the latter of which can be used only by bona fide farmers and receive daily fresh seasonal products, mainly composed of flowers, shrubs and trees in spring, summer fruits and vegetables, pumpkins, gourds, cornstalks and autumn, andChristmas trees, wreaths, garlands and winter. The covered market selling fish, cheeses and wines, and offers a number of small food stalls and a full-service Italian restaurant.
An evening can be spent at TriState Racetrack and Gaming Center. Only a 15 minute drive from Charleston, Cross Lanes, offers 90 thousand square kilometers of game entertainment venue feet, including more than 1,300 slot machines, live racing, a poker room, blackjack, roulette, craps, and fourRestaurants: The French Quarter restaurant and bar, the restaurant first corner, the New Orleans Cafe and Crescent City.
3. POTOMAC HIGHLANDS
The Potomac Highlands, located in the eastern part of the state of the Allegheny Plateau, is a tissue of different geographical regions and includes eight counties. Alternatively, the "Mountain Highlands, which had about 250 million years ago when the North American continent and Africa had produced a single collision is formed, collectedMass. Subjected to thousands caused by erosion of wind and water, led them to consecutive valleys and ribs parallel, and today the area includes two national parks: Canaan Valley, the highest in the east of the Mississippi River and Spruce Knob, at 4861 meters, the highest point in West Virginia. The green mountains has brought a lot of wood, the railways of registration to use, two major ski resorts, and a variety of sports and outdoor activities.
The PotomacHighlands in Tygart Valley, Seneca Rocks, Canaan Valley and Big Mountain country is divided.
A. Tygart Valley
The City of Elkins, located in the Tygart Valley, is transportation, shopping and social center of the eastern part of Central Appalachia and serves as a base for excursions to the Potomac Highlands.
Founded in 1890 by Senators Henry Gassaway Davis and Stephen. B. Elkins, the son-in-law and business partner, started as a hub for their expeditionThe coal, timber and railroad empire, the second the result of their self-financed construction of the West Virginia Central Railroad, whose route between Cumberland, Maryland, and Elkins stretched, and served as a threshold for some of the richest mineral resources in the world and timber.
The city, the needs of miners, loggers and railroad workers, power plants and factories sprouted expanded steadily and reached a peak in 1920, before a decline in loss of related facilitiesuntil the last train of coal and wood products with the rest of the country, the application was in 1959.
The tracks were empty and unused for nearly half a century, until 2007, when the new constitution Durbin and Greenbrier Valley Railroad and revive their city transport, the first tourists to the scenic view and re-ride of a cycle of slow growth with following a restaurant and live theater built in his historic Elkins Rail Yard and other hotels nearby.Consistently ranked one of the country's best small art towns, is once again the service center of the country of high mountains and return to their original purpose of providing accommodation, dining, shopping and entertainment services, but now a new group of tourists.
The railroad is in the middle. The Durbin and Greenbrier Valley Railroad offers three departures from the storage Elkins. The first of these, the New Tygart Flyer, "is a four-hour, 46 mile round trip run by the fallsCheat the Tunnel Mountain passes, cities and Bowdon Bemis, parallel to the Shaver Fork Cheat River, and stops at the Horseshoe Falls High's Cheat, during which it is a path that serves lunch buffet. Updated table service is available in 1922-ear-Deluxe Pullman Palace cars available at a slightly higher price.
The Cheat Mountain Salamander "is a nine-hour round trip to 128 miles from Spruce and includes lunch and dinner, while the" Mountain Express Dinner Train "mimics the New Tygart Flyer's route, but features a four-course meal in a formally set dining car.
The Railyard Restaurant, sandwiched between the Elkins depot and the American Mountain Theater, provides all on board meals. Emulating the depot itself with its exterior brick construction, the $2.5 million, 220-seat restaurant, leased to the Durbin and Greenbrier Valley Railroad, serves family-style cuisine on its main level and upscale dinners in its second-floor Vista Dome Dining Room, its menus inspired by railroad car fare from the 1920s to the 1940s. It toted the opening slogan of, "Take the track to the place with exceptional taste."
The Durbin and Greenbrier Valley Railroad's Rails and Trails Gift Shop is located on its main level.
Continuing the historic, red brick exterior, the adjacent American Mountain Theater, founded in 2003 by Elkins native and RCA recording artist, Susie Heckel, traces its origins to a variety show performed for tourists at a different location. But increasing demand merited the November, 2006, ground-braking for a $1.7 million, 12,784-square-foot, 525-seat structure with aid from her sister, Beverly Sexton, and her husband, Kenny, who owned the Ozark Mountain Hoe-Down Theater in Eureka Springs, Arkansas.
Opening the following July, the theater offered family-oriented, Branson-style entertainment performed by a nine-member cast, with Kenny Sexton serving as its president and producer and Beverly writing the score. Two-hour evening shows include comedy, impressions, and country, gospel, bluegrass, and pop music.
Davis and Elkins College, located only a few blocks from the Historic Railyard, shares the same founders as the town of Elkins itself-namely, Senators Henry Gassaway Davis and Stephen B. Elkins. Established in 1901 when they donated land and funding to create a college associated with the Presbyterian Church, it was originally located south of town. Its Board of Trustees first met the following year and classes were first held on September 21, 1904.
Today, the coeducational, liberal arts college, located on a 170-acre hilled, wooded campus with views of the Appalachian Mountains, is comprised of 22 new and historic buildings in two sections-the north, which stretches to the athletic fields and the front campus, which is located on a ridge overlooking Elkins. Thirty associate and baccalaureate arts, sciences, pre-professional, and professional degree programs are offered to a 700-student base.
One of its historic buildings is Graceland Inn. Designed by the Baltimore architectural firm of Baldwin and Pennington, the castle-like, Queen Anne-style mansion, originally located on a 360-acre farm, was completed in 1893. Initially called "Mingo Moor," and intermittently "Mingo Hall" after the area south of Elkins, the estate served as the summer residence of Senator Davis, who regularly transported a train of invited friends and associates during July and August so that they could escape the Washington heat and enjoy Elkins' higher-elevation, cooler temperatures.
The estate was ultimately renamed "Graceland" after Davis' youngest daughter, Grace. Following his wife's death in 1902, he continued to conduct business from offices inside it, while Grace herself resided there during the summer months with her family.
The estate was finally ceded to her own children, Ellen Bruce Lee and John A. Kennedy, its last two owners.
Acquired by the West Virginia Presbyterian Education Fund in 1941, it was used as a male residence hall by the college until 1970, whereafter it was closed. Restored during the mid-1990s, it subsequently reopened as an historic country inn and as a dynamic learning lab for hospitality students.
Overlooking the town of Elkins, on the Davis and Elkins College campus, Graceland Inn, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, features a two-story great hall richly decorated with hardwoods, such as quartered oak, bird's eye maple, cherry, and walnut, a grand staircase, a parlor, a library, and its original stained glass windows. The Mingo Room Restaurant, reflecting the mansion's initial designation and open to the public, is subdivided into four small rooms lined with red oak and fireplaces and an outdoor verandah, and eleven guest rooms, located on the second and third floors and named after prominent family members, contain antiques, canopy beds, armoires, marble bathrooms, and claw foot tubs.
Graceland Inn, the David and Elkins College, the town of Elkins itself, the historic depot and railyard, their tracks, and the Appalachian Mountain's coal and timber resources are all inextricably tied to the town's past--and its future.
B. Seneca Rocks
"Seneca Rocks" designates both a region of the Potomac Highlands and the outcroppings after which that region is named.
Resembling a razor back, or shark's fin, and located at the confluence of the Seneca Creek and the North Fork South Branch Potomac River, the 250-foot-thick, 900-foot-high Seneca Rocks, accessible by West Virginia Route 28, were formed 400 million years ago during the Silurian Period in an extensive sand shoal at the edge of the ancient Iapetus Ocean. As the seas decreased in size, the rock uplifted and folded, erosion ultimately wearing away its upper surface and leaving the arching folds and craggy profile they exhibit today.
Made of white and gray tuscarora quartzite, the formation features both a north and south peak, with a notch separating the two.
The current Seneca Rocks Discovery Center, which replaced the original visitor's center, features relief models of the area, films, interpretive programs, and a bookshop.
A path leads to the Sites Homestead, part of the center. Constructed in 1839 by William Sites as a single-room log cabin below Seneca Rocks Ridge, it is typical of then-current Appalachian homes whose German Blockbau-style featured square logs and v-notched corner joints spread apart by stone and clay chinks.
In the late-1860s, one of Sites' sons expanded the homestead, adding a second floor, and, after use as a hay barn, the Forest Service purchased it in 1969, restoring it during the 1980s. In 1993, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
The greater Spruce Knob-Seneca Rocks National Recreation Area, offering significant outdoor sports opportunities, contains a key portion of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, whose mountains and forests collect water which then flows into the Potomac River and the bay itself. Acting as a cleansing and filtering mechanism, its headwater forests purify the water before it reaches the streams. Spruce Knob is both the highest point in the Chesapeake Watershed and the entire state of West Virginia.
Aside from facilitating water, the area has provided sustenance to humans, who first lived in Native American villages within its mountains, and then created farming settlements and logging camps, extracting its resources and supporting life for some 13,000 years. Today, it is home to 15 million people.
The Spruce Knob-Seneca Rocks National Recreation Area itself is part of the much larger Monongahela National Forest. Established in 1920 with an initial 7,200 acres, the present 910,155-acre forest contains the headwaters of the Monongahela, Potomac, Greenbrier, Elk, Tygart, and Gauley Rivers; five federally designated "wilderness"-Dolly Sods, external Creek, Laurel Fork North, Laurel Fork South, and Cranberry areas very remote and primitive trail offer only lower standard and four lakes.
A mecca for outdoor enthusiasts, the National Forest offers 169 hiking, mountain biking, and horseback riding trails, covering more than 800 miles, 576 miles of trout streams, 129 miles of warm water fishing, 23 campsites, 17 picnic areas and wildlife viewing bears, blacks,wild turkey, white-tailed deer, gray fox, rabbits, snowshoe hare, grouse, and woodcock.
C. Canaan Valley
Blanketed with bigtooth aspen, balsam fir, and spruce, Canaan Valley, stretching 14 miles, is the highest such valley east of the Mississippi River, its namesake mountain separating it from the Blackwater River and creating a deep, narrow canyon in the Allegheny Plateau.
The pristinely beautiful area encompasses two state parks-Canaan Valley Resort and Black Water Falls State Parks; two ski areas-again Canaan Valley Resort and Timberline Four Seasons Resort; and the nation's 500th wildlife refuge.
Natural sports abound: hiking, horseback riding, fishing, golfing, swimming, rafting, and interpretive nature walking during the summer, and skiing, snowboarding, and tubing during the winter.
Nucleus of most of this is 6,000-acre Canaan Valley Resort State Park, which encompasses 18 miles of trails, wetlands, open meadows, northern hardwood forests, wildlife, 200 species of birds, and 600 types of wildflowers.
Canaan Valley Resort, located within the park, offers 250 modern guest rooms, 23 two-, three-, and four-bedroom mountain cabins with fireplaces and full kitchens, 34 paved, wooded campsites with full hook-ups, and six lounges and restaurants, including the Hickory Dining Room in the main lodge.
Its 4,280-foot mountain, whose longest run is 1.25 miles and whose vertical drop is 850 feet, features one quad and two triple lifts, and 11 trails for night skiing. Its winter activities, like those of the extended Canaan Valley, include skiing, snowboarding, airboarding, tubing, snowshoeing, and ice skating, while summer programs include scenic chairlift rides, guided walks, golf, tennis, and hiking.
D. Big Mountain Country
Big Mountain County, location of West Virginia's second-highest peak, serves as the birthplace of eight rivers-the Greenbier, Gauley, Cheat, Cherry, Elk, Williams, Cranberry, and Tygart-while its Seneca State Forest, which borders the former in Pocahontas County, is the state's oldest. An interesting array of sights include steam-powered logging railroads, astronomical observatories, preserved towns, a premier ski resort, and their associated assortment of outdoor sports and activities.
The Durbin and Greenbier Valley Railroad's fourth excursion train, the "Durbin Rocket," departs from the town of Durbin itself, located some 40 miles from Elkins.
Powered by a 55-ton steam engine built for the Moore-Keppel Lumber Company in nearby Randolph County, and one of only three remaining geared Climax logging locomotives, the train makes a two-hour, 11-mile round-trip run along the Greenbier River and through the Monongahela National Forest as far as Piney Island, where the rental "castaway caboose" is disconnected and pushed onto a very short spur track for a one or more night stay.
The ultra-modern, high-tech National Radio Astronomy Observatory, located a short distance away in Green Bank, offers an opportunity to learn about radio wave astronomy.
Designing, building, and operating the world's most advanced and sophisticated radio telescopes, the observatory produces images of celestial bodies, such as planets, stars, and galaxies, millions of light-years away by recording their radio omission quantities.
The Green Bank Science Center, nucleus of this experience, features a museum which introduces the science of radio astronomy, radio waves, telescope operation, and what is being learned through them about the universe; the Galaxy Gift Shop; the Starlight Café; and the departure point for the escorted bus tour of the facility, prior to which an introductory film and lecture are presented in the theater.
The tour's highlight is the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT), designed when the previous 300-foot device collapsed in 1988 and Congress was forced to appropriate emergency funds to design it.
Dedicated on August 25, 2000, after a nine-year development period, it is 485 feet tall, is comprised of 2,004 panels, has a 100-by-110 meter diameter, a 2.3 acre surface area, and weighs 17 million pounds. The world's largest, fully maneuverable telescope with a computer-controlled reflecting surface, it is functionally independent of the sun, permitting 24-hour-per-day operation, and receives wavelengths which vary between 1/8th of an inch to nine feet.
Initially employed in conjunction with the Arecibo Observatory to produce images of Venus, it later detected three new pulsars (spinning neutron stars) in the Messier 62 region.
A 15-minute drive from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory is another significant sight, Cass Scenic Railroad State Park.
Tracing its origins to 1899 when John G. Luke acquired more than 67,000 acres of red spruce in an area which ultimately developed into the town of Cass, it became the headquarters of the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company. The town, supporting the workforce needed to convert the raw resources into finished products, sprouted shops, services, houses, a sawmill, tracks, and a railroad to haul the timber.
Instrumental to the operation had been the Shay, or similarly-designed Climax and Heisler steam locomotives, whose direct gearing delivered positive control and more even power, allowing them to ply often temporarily-laid tracks, steep grades, and hairpin turns, all the while pulling heavy, freshly-felled timber loads. The Western Maryland #6, at 162 tons, was the last, and heaviest, Shay locomotive ever built. The railroad inaugurated its first service in 1901.
During two 11-hour, six-day-per-week shifts, the town's mill was able to cut more than 125,000 board feet of lumber per shift and dry 360,000 per run with its 11 miles of steam pipes, adding up to 1.5 million board feet cut per week and 35 million per year. After 40 years of milling at Cass and Spruce, more than two billion board feet of lumber and paper had been produced.
Operating until 1943, the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company sold the enterprise to the Mower Lumber Company, which maintained it for another 17 years, at which time it was closed and purchased by the state of West Virginia, in 1961.
The railroad and the town of Cass, which remain virtually unchanged, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Aside from the historic buildings, there are several other attractions. Connected to the large Cass Company Store is the railroad-themed Last Run Restaurant. Turn-of-the-century logging can be gleaned at the Cass Historical Museum. The Shay Railroad Shop, having once housed coal bins, offers additional books and crafts for sale. The metal, Cass Showcase building above it, having stored hay to feed horse teams, features an introductory film and an HO-scale train and town layout reflecting their 1930s appearance.
Escorted walking tours of Cass, usually conducted in the afternoon after the trains have returned from their daily excursions, offer insight into what it had been like to live and work in a turn-of-the-century company town, while the Locomotive Repair Shop tour includes visits to the Mountain State Railroad and Logging Historical Association's shop, the sawmill area, and a look at Shay and Climax locomotive maintenance and repair.
An excursion on the Cass Scenic Railroad itself, which commenced tourist rides in 1963 and is therefore the longest-running scenic rail journey in the country, is a living history experience. Pulled by one of the original Shay or Climax steam locomotives, the train accommodates passengers in equally authentic logging cars which have been converted to coaches with wooden, bench-like seats and roofs, while a single enclosed car, offering reserved seating, sports booth-like accommodation and is designated "Leatherbark Creek."
All trains depart from Cass's reconstructed depot, at a 2,456-foot elevation, climbing Leatherneck Run, negotiating 11-percent grades, maneuvering and reversing through a lower and upper switchback, and arriving at Whittaker Station, which features a snack stand, views of the eastern West Virginia mountains, and a reconstructed, 1946 logging camp. The eight-mile round-trip back to Cass requires two hours.
A four-and-a-half hour, 22-mile round-trip continues up Back Allegheny Mountain, passing Old Spruce and the Oats Creek Water Tank, and plying track laid by the Mower Lumber company, before reaching 4,842-foot Bald Knob, West Virginia's third-highest peak.
Limited runs are also offered to Spruce, an abandoned logging town on the Shavers Fork of the Cheat River. This train also transits Whittaker Station.
Although not affiliated with the Cass Scenic Railroad, the Boyer Station Restaurant, located six miles from Green Bank on Route 28, offers inexpensive, home-cooked, country-style meals amidst railroad décor with wooden, rail depot-reminiscent tables and benches, train and logging memorabilia, and large-scale, track-mounted model railroads. It is part of a 20-room motel and campground complex.
Winter sports account for a significant portion of the Big Mountain Country's offerings. Ten miles from Cass Scenic Railroad State Park is Snowshoe Mountain.
Located in the bowl-shaped convergence of Cheat and Back Allegheny Mountain at the head of the Shavers Fork of the Cheat River, the area, striped of trees by logging between 1905 and 1960, had been discovered by Thomas Brigham, a North Carolina dentist, who had previously opened the Beech Mountain and Sugar Mountain Ski Resorts.
Reflecting European style, Snowshoe Village is located on the mountain's summit and offers 1,400 hotel and condominium rooms, restaurants, shops, services, and entertainment. The 244-acre resort, which combines the Snowshoe and Silver Creek areas, has a 3,348-foot base; a 4,848-foot summit, making it the highest such ski resort in the mid-Atlantic and southeast; 14 chairlifts; 60 runs, of which the longest is 1.5 miles; and 1,500-foot vertical drops at Cupp Run and Shay's Revenge. Average snowfall is 180 inches. Spring, summer, and fall activities include golf, boating, bicycling, climbing, hiking, horseback riding, canoeing, kayaking, skating, and swimming.
The extended area's Seneca State Forest, named after the Native Americans who had once roamed the land, borders the Greenbier River in Pocahontas County and contains 23 miles of forest, 11,684 acres of woodlands, a four-acre lake for boating and trout, largemouth bass, and bluegill fishing, hiking tails, pioneer cabins, and rustic campsites.
4. NEW RIVER-GREENBRIER VALLEY
The New River-Greenbrier Valley region of West Virginia is topographically diverse and ruggedly beautiful.
Split by the Gauley River, its northern section is comprised of a rugged plateau in which is nestled the calm, azure Summersville Lake, while mountainous ridgelines, affording extensive interior coal mining, are characteristic of its central region. Horse and cattle grazing is prevalent on the flat farm expanses which intersperse the eastern edge's lush, green mountain plateau, divided by the Greenbrier River, the largest, untamed water channel in the eastern United States, which flows through it. Its southern region is a jigsaw puzzle of omni-directional ridgelines and very narrow valleys.
New and Bluestone River-formed gorges provide a wealth of rock climbing, canoeing, kayaking, and white water rafting opportunities in this region of the state.
The area's most prominent, and beautiful, topographical feature is the New River Gorge National River. Flowing from below Bluestone Dam, near Hinton, to the north of the US Highway 19 bridge near Fayetteville, it dissects all the physiographic provinces of the Appalachian Mountains. A rugged, white water river, and among the oldest in North America, it flows northward through steep canyons and geological formations. Approximately 1,000 feet separate its bottom from its adjacent plateau. On July 30, 1998, it was named an American Heritage River, one of 14 waterways so designated.
Its related park encompasses 70,000 acres.
Signature of the New River Gorge National Park is its New River Gorge Bridge. Completed on October 22, 1977 at a $37 million cost, the dual-hinged, steel arch bridge is 3,030 feet long, 69.3 feet wide, and has an 876-foot clearance. Carrying the four lanes of US Route 19, it was then the world's longest, and is currently the highest vehicular bridge in the Americas and the second highest in the world after the Millau Viaduct in France. Its longest single span, between arches, is 1,700 feet.
There are three related visitor centers and vantage points. The Canyon Rim Visitor Center, located two miles north of Fayetteville on Route 19, offers exhibits, films, interpretive programs, trails, and a scenic overlook, while the Grandview Center is located in Thurmond off of Interstate 64 on Route 25. The park's headquarters are in Glen Jean.
Fayetteville is the hub for New River Gorge kayaking and white water rafting.
Coal, as synonymous with West Virginia as logging, is an industry the tourist should experience sometime during his visit. The Beckley Exhibition Coal Mine, located in the city of the same name, offers just such an opportunity.
A 1,400-square-foot Company Store, coal museum, fudgery, and gift shop serves as a visitor's center and threshold to the sight's two major components. A coal camp, the first of these, depicts 20th-century life in a typical coal town, represented by several relocated and restored buildings.
Plying 1,500 feet of underground passages in the 36-inch, Phillips-Sprague Seam Mine, which had been active between 1883 and 1953, track-guided "man-cars" driven by authentic miners, encompass the complex's second component and make periodic stops in the cold, damp, and dark passage to discuss and illustrate the advancement of mining techniques. The rock duster, for example, ensured that coal dust would not explode deep in the mine. Strategically positioned roof bolts avoided cave-ins. Pumps extracted water. Dangerously low oxygen levels dictated immediate evacuation.
Coal had fueled the world's steam engines for industrial plants and rail and sea transportation.
The Phillips-Sprague Mine is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
5. CONCLUSION
West Virginia's three principle regions of Charleston, the Potomac Highlands, and the New River-Greenbier Valley offer immersive experiences into the past which shaped the present by means of its pristinely beautiful and resource-rich mines and mountains that yielded coal, timber, logging railroads, and an abundance of outdoor sports.
